One

Biography

Da Italiyanci mawãk'i (Reggio nell'Emilia 1474 da 1533 Ferrara. Da farko da 'ya'ya maza goma na Niccolò (ya sauko daga cikakkiyar Bolognese Iyali dasa dashe a Ferrara kuma Daria Malaguzzi (mai dattako reggiana, an haife shi a Reggio Emilia, inda mahaifinsa, da aikin Ercole na told Este, shi ne shugaban saurayin, shekaru k'alilan bayan ya dawo da iyalinsa a Ferrara, wadda ne ya tashi kad'an. Bayan shekara biyar (1) 1489-94 keb'e, kowa yă bayar, don binciken shari'a, Ariosto fara su halarci saka da humanist Gregorio the Spoleto. 

A kan mutuwar mahaifinsa (1500), Ludovico da aka samu a kafad'a da nauyin babban iyali. A cikin aikin Ercole na, ya sa wasu gwada da sojoji adabo (1501-03, shugaban Canossa Castle), sa'an nan ya wuce zuwa biye da Cardinal Ippolito told Este. Shekaru adalci shiru a mawãk'i, wanda kuma ya hurta ga Teatro Ducale biyu wasanni a prose, Cassaria da Suppositi, ya fara da Furioso. Amma lokacin da halin da Duchy, yn shisshigi biyayya ga jihar Ikilisiya kuwa, saboda haka ya haddasa al'amura da gasar da Cambrai, sauran taushi a kan aikin soja, da na diplomasiyya, da Kittim ya nemi aikin Ariosto sau da yawa, ya zama manzo zuwa Yuliyas II, Decisiveness da mawãk'i ne da ya nuna cewa Pope zo minacciarlo mutuwa. Daga bisani Ariosto Alfonso tare, bayan da ta ci nasara da Faransanci da Ferraresi a papal sojoji (Ravenna, 1512) ta nemi rappacificarsi tabbas Pontiff a tafiya zuwa Roma avventurosamente dauke da b'ad da gudu. Da aikin gona da aminci bud'e wa mutuwar Yuliyas II, kuma an yi pope da sunan Leo X, Giovanni de Likitan ya' (1513), da mawãk'i, wanda ya yi masa zumunci dangi da flocked zuwa Roma da fata, wasu ma sun fi lafiya, hakanan kamannin, amma ya ragu ha'inci. A dawo tafiyar da Ariosto san Florence Ita Alessandra Benucci, matar Tito Strozzi, shi ne wanda ake son ransa. Ya yi aure da marigayi, watakila a 1528) ta gwauruwa a 1505, amma a asirce, domin ba da losing usufruct da gādo lasciatale da mijinta, ba su da 'ya'yansu (Giovambattista da ga Virginio ne na farko, masu tawali'u, yana son na Ariosto. A lokacin, a 1517, Cardinal Ippolito tashi a Hungary, Ariosto, wanda ya riga ya disagreements tare da shi, ya k'i bin shi, kuma ya kwana a shekara mai zuwa, domin Duke Alfonso: accommodation mafi shiru, wadda ba a yi cinikin kasada da kiwon lafiya mai had'ari kuma bar shi a zuba ido, kewaye da iyali muku kashedi, reworking da Orlando furioso ne na farko da aka karon iyalanku a 1516, wadda ripubblicò, daidai, a 1521. A 1520 Ariosto ya aika wa Pope Leo X, gliel da izini, mai ban dariya da mai, kuma wanda ya ci gululu d'alibai, kuma daga shekara ta ragu unfinished (an kammala da d'an'uwansa Gabriele da bajintar makaranta. Da 1522 suka ga Ariosto sabon lokacin tafiya, a bukaci wani abin da zan yi nazari a kai riba, Alfonso Duke shi kwamishinan Garfagnana a kwanan baya, suka koma, suna bin wata, a k'ark'ashin mulkin Ferrara. Da mawãk'i suka zauna a can har zuwa 1525, da yin aikin da tsarin mulkin shugaba tsari na yankin, a cikin gaggawa da jayayya tsakanin tsohon feudal murk'ushe, a cikin repression na banditry da makamashi da 'yan adam suna a gefen wani tafarki mabayyani da wasik'u. Bayan 1525, daga baya kuma a Ferrara Ariosto, za su iya dogara da kwantar da literary aiki, ya gyara a cikin ãyõyin da Cassaria da Suppositi, composition na Lena (1528), da kuma ga shikuwa rehash da Orlando furioso (1532). Ya mutu a 6 ga watan Yuli 1533, "Parva domus" saya shekara shida kafin a contrada Mirasole.
Biography
Da Italiyanci mawãk'i (Reggio nell'Emilia 1474 da 1533 Ferrara. Da farko da 'ya'ya maza goma na Niccolò (ya sauko daga cikakkiyar Bolognese Iyali dasa dashe a Ferrara kuma Daria Malaguzzi (mai dattako reggiana, an haife shi a Reggio Emilia, inda mahaifinsa, da aikin Ercole na told Este, shi ne shugaban saurayin, shekaru k'alilan bayan ya dawo da iyalinsa a Ferrara, wadda ne ya tashi kad'an. Bayan shekara biyar (1) 1489-94 keb'e, kowa yă bayar, don binciken shari'a, Ariosto fara su halarci saka da humanist Gregorio the Spoleto. A kan mutuwar mahaifinsa (1500), Ludovico da aka samu a kafad'a da nauyin babban iyali. A cikin aikin Ercole na, ya sa wasu gwada da sojoji adabo (1501-03, shugaban Canossa Castle), sa'an nan ya wuce zuwa biye da Cardinal Ippolito told Este. Shekaru adalci shiru a mawãk'i, wanda kuma ya hurta ga Teatro Ducale biyu wasanni a prose, Cassaria da Suppositi, ya fara da Furioso. Amma lokacin da halin da Duchy, yn shisshigi biyayya ga jihar Ikilisiya kuwa, saboda haka ya haddasa al'amura da gasar da Cambrai, sauran taushi a kan aikin soja, da na diplomasiyya, da Kittim ya nemi aikin Ariosto sau da yawa, ya zama manzo zuwa Yuliyas II, Decisiveness da mawãk'i ne da ya nuna cewa Pope zo minacciarlo mutuwa. Daga bisani Ariosto Alfonso tare, bayan da ta ci nasara da Faransanci da Ferraresi a papal sojoji (Ravenna, 1512) ta nemi rappacificarsi tabbas Pontiff a tafiya zuwa Roma avventurosamente dauke da b'ad da gudu. Da aikin gona da aminci bud'e wa mutuwar Yuliyas II, kuma an yi pope da sunan Leo X, Giovanni de Likitan ya' (1513), da mawãk'i, wanda ya yi masa zumunci dangi da flocked zuwa Roma da fata, wasu ma sun fi lafiya, hakanan kamannin, amma ya ragu ha'inci. A dawo tafiyar da Ariosto san Florence Ita Alessandra Benucci, matar Tito Strozzi, shi ne wanda ake son ransa. Ya yi aure da marigayi, watakila a 1528) ta gwauruwa a 1505, amma a asirce, domin ba da losing usufruct da gādo lasciatale da mijinta, ba su da 'ya'yansu (Giovambattista da ga Virginio ne na farko, masu tawali'u, yana son na Ariosto. A lokacin, a 1517, Cardinal Ippolito tashi a Hungary, Ariosto, wanda ya riga ya disagreements tare da shi, ya k'i bin shi, kuma ya kwana a shekara mai zuwa, domin Duke Alfonso: accommodation mafi shiru, wadda ba a yi cinikin kasada da kiwon lafiya mai had'ari kuma bar shi a zuba ido, kewaye da iyali muku kashedi, reworking da Orlando furioso ne na farko da aka karon iyalanku a 1516, wadda ripubblicò, daidai, a 1521. A 1520 Ariosto ya aika wa Pope Leo X, gliel da izini, mai ban dariya da mai, kuma wanda ya ci gululu d'alibai, kuma daga shekara ta ragu unfinished (an kammala da d'an'uwansa Gabriele da bajintar makaranta. Da 1522 suka ga Ariosto sabon lokacin tafiya, a bukaci wani abin da zan yi nazari a kai riba, Alfonso Duke shi kwamishinan Garfagnana a kwanan baya, suka koma, suna bin wata, a k'ark'ashin mulkin Ferrara. Da mawãk'i suka zauna a can har zuwa 1525, da yin aikin da tsarin mulkin shugaba tsari na yankin, a cikin gaggawa da jayayya tsakanin tsohon feudal murk'ushe, a cikin repression na banditry da makamashi da 'yan adam suna a gefen wani tafarki mabayyani da wasik'u. Bayan 1525, daga baya kuma a Ferrara Ariosto, za su iya dogara da kwantar da literary aiki, ya gyara a cikin ãyõyin da Cassaria da Suppositi, composition na Lena (1528), da kuma ga shikuwa rehash da Orlando furioso (1532). Ya mutu a 6 ga watan Yuli 1533, "Parva domus" saya shekara shida kafin a contrada Mirasole.
Da Artists
Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã. Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã.
Biography
Da Italiyanci mawãk'i (Reggio nell'Emilia 1474 da 1533 Ferrara. Da farko da 'ya'ya maza goma na Niccolò (ya sauko daga cikakkiyar Bolognese Iyali dasa dashe a Ferrara kuma Daria Malaguzzi (mai dattako reggiana, an haife shi a Reggio Emilia, inda mahaifinsa, da aikin Ercole na told Este, shi ne shugaban saurayin, shekaru k'alilan bayan ya dawo da iyalinsa a Ferrara, wadda ne ya tashi kad'an. Bayan shekara biyar (1) 1489-94 keb'e, kowa yă bayar, don binciken shari'a, Ariosto fara su halarci saka da humanist Gregorio the Spoleto. A kan mutuwar mahaifinsa (1500), Ludovico da aka samu a kafad'a da nauyin babban iyali. A cikin aikin Ercole na, ya sa wasu gwada da sojoji adabo (1501-03, shugaban Canossa Castle), sa'an nan ya wuce zuwa biye da Cardinal Ippolito told Este. Shekaru adalci shiru a mawãk'i, wanda kuma ya hurta ga Teatro Ducale biyu wasanni a prose, Cassaria da Suppositi, ya fara da Furioso. Amma lokacin da halin da Duchy, yn shisshigi biyayya ga jihar Ikilisiya kuwa, saboda haka ya haddasa al'amura da gasar da Cambrai, sauran taushi a kan aikin soja, da na diplomasiyya, da Kittim ya nemi aikin Ariosto sau da yawa, ya zama manzo zuwa Yuliyas II, Decisiveness da mawãk'i ne da ya nuna cewa Pope zo minacciarlo mutuwa. Daga bisani Ariosto Alfonso tare, bayan da ta ci nasara da Faransanci da Ferraresi a papal sojoji (Ravenna, 1512) ta nemi rappacificarsi tabbas Pontiff a tafiya zuwa Roma avventurosamente dauke da b'ad da gudu. Da aikin gona da aminci bud'e wa mutuwar Yuliyas II, kuma an yi pope da sunan Leo X, Giovanni de Likitan ya' (1513), da mawãk'i, wanda ya yi masa zumunci dangi da flocked zuwa Roma da fata, wasu ma sun fi lafiya, hakanan kamannin, amma ya ragu ha'inci. A dawo tafiyar da Ariosto san Florence Ita Alessandra Benucci, matar Tito Strozzi, shi ne wanda ake son ransa. Ya yi aure da marigayi, watakila a 1528) ta gwauruwa a 1505, amma a asirce, domin ba da losing usufruct da gādo lasciatale da mijinta, ba su da 'ya'yansu (Giovambattista da ga Virginio ne na farko, masu tawali'u, yana son na Ariosto. A lokacin, a 1517, Cardinal Ippolito tashi a Hungary, Ariosto, wanda ya riga ya disagreements tare da shi, ya k'i bin shi, kuma ya kwana a shekara mai zuwa, domin Duke Alfonso: accommodation mafi shiru, wadda ba a yi cinikin kasada da kiwon lafiya mai had'ari kuma bar shi a zuba ido, kewaye da iyali muku kashedi, reworking da Orlando furioso ne na farko da aka karon iyalanku a 1516, wadda ripubblicò, daidai, a 1521. A 1520 Ariosto ya aika wa Pope Leo X, gliel da izini, mai ban dariya da mai, kuma wanda ya ci gululu d'alibai, kuma daga shekara ta ragu unfinished (an kammala da d'an'uwansa Gabriele da bajintar makaranta. Da 1522 suka ga Ariosto sabon lokacin tafiya, a bukaci wani abin da zan yi nazari a kai riba, Alfonso Duke shi kwamishinan Garfagnana a kwanan baya, suka koma, suna bin wata, a k'ark'ashin mulkin Ferrara. Da mawãk'i suka zauna a can har zuwa 1525, da yin aikin da tsarin mulkin shugaba tsari na yankin, a cikin gaggawa da jayayya tsakanin tsohon feudal murk'ushe, a cikin repression na banditry da makamashi da 'yan adam suna a gefen wani tafarki mabayyani da wasik'u. Bayan 1525, daga baya kuma a Ferrara Ariosto, za su iya dogara da kwantar da literary aiki, ya gyara a cikin ãyõyin da Cassaria da Suppositi, composition na Lena (1528), da kuma ga shikuwa rehash da Orlando furioso (1532). Ya mutu a 6 ga watan Yuli 1533, "Parva domus" saya shekara shida kafin a contrada Mirasole.
Da Artists
Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã. Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã.
Da Artists
Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Capiscuola a Amirka pop sana'a wannan lokaci ne sunan R. Rauschenberg da Ziyara H.Johns, ko aikinsu differentiated da yawa a kan girmama na artists sosai a cikin tsakiyar aikin safiyon, pop experiences kaman C. Oldenburg, A. Warhol, sunan R. Lichtenstein, Ziyara H.Rosenquist, sunã cħton ku daga Allah Wesselman, Ziyara H.Tafi wurin, banda W. Copley, H. C. Westermann, sunan R. Lindner l. da koguna. Hali da kuke gõdħwa daban-daban da pop hume turanci misaltu Blake mai tasiri, sunan R. Hamilton, sunan R. Smith, D. Hockney, sunan R. B. Kitaj, A. Jones, Ziyara H.Tilson, G. Laing ta Caufield ta Phillips, E. Paolozzi, Da yad'uwar pop sana'a Turai tun 1963, ya ba su tashi daban-daban fassarori suke bisa ga adu daban-daban, da al'adun mutane. A k'asar Italiya pop experiences aka gudanar da G. Bertini, E. Baj, M. da k'afa, wanda ya bi G. Guerreschi da G. Romagnoni 60 ga wani cigaba da mutunci su zama pop artists Adami, Devalle, Pistoletto). A tsakaninsu da wakilan pop hume Faransanci da Jamusanci ne ke bayani kan Niki de siddika ce Phalle, Christo, Martial Raysse ta Klasen, W. Gaul. Esauritasi kamar labulen ambaliyar ruwa ta keb'ance, pop hume samar da daraja shiriya a bayansa k'ware expressive, daga conceptual sana'a arte povera, daga hyper-realism, wato mec Ga pioneers, protagonists da epigone na pop hume Sarki Academy daga wurin sihirinsu London ya keb'e a 1991 mai biye, sa'an nan kuma ta gabatar a Kolon da Madrid.

Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã. Corneille, Pierre
 Faransanci playwright Rouen (1606 da 1684 Paris. Da aka haifa a hannu da shuni iyali, mahaifinsa sufeto ruwa da sauruka), ya yi nazarin a Jesuit Kwalejin horar da malamai Rouen. To, madalla alibi, nau'i a cikin sanarwa, ku ci gaba da baya, sa'an nan sau da yawa na adabi tun fil azal, gama fannonin declamatori, Muhimman jigogin. Seneca Lucan da aka yi mata ga mawallafan kundin sakamakon. A 1628 Corneille fara sana'umurni da gaskiyar da asalinsa birnin, watakila ba tsammani ba za su iya tsarkake a dandalin nan. Da k'aunar budurwa ya aika da shi a rubuta sonnet, ba za a ware shi, haka kuma Mélite mai ban dariya da don d'akunan su zauna sosai. Da opera, shi ne na farko a cikin Rouen, sa'an nan a Paris a 1629, da discreet nasara da stimulated zuwa tawalu a dandalin nan. A 1632 ya rubuta Clitandre tashi tsaye kan aikinmu kissar yankã'délivrée wanke kai, da kuma a gaban 1635 ya riga ya yi a sosai a sauran hudu wad'annan wasanni duk na ban dariya ne, da batun romance ya goyi bayan da salon kid cike da tsufansu. Da farko mai ban tausayi, Médée, shi ne na 1635. A shugabana amince a Paris, cike da inuwar sarkin Richelieuu. Shi ne sashen kamfanonin da "biyar mawallafan kundin sakamakon" da Boisrobert, Colletet, Estoile da Rotrou, wanda ya yi aikin wai sharhohi ãyõyin da aka haifa daga ra'ayin da cardinal. Amma Corneille, ya ba da saboda imaninsu da courtier, sa'an nan a lokacin da sympathies da wakili, hakika kuma subsidies. Nasarar Médée, da da aka Seneca dukan wannnan ma, da prologue ya tsira da aka keb'e da mafi shahara opera, Cid. A cewar, ya kamata masifar datarsi 1636, shekara da Corneille ya rubuta wa'i comique; amma documents cewa sun zo haske adalci kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cid a ajiye a 1637, ko kuma a farkon gaskataccen a Théâtre du Marais 1637 ne. Da masifar da na son da aiki, ya nuna a cikin rikici a boye, da saninsa bak'i da protagonists a dynamic irin wasannin ko sun da Aristotelian dokoki la'akari, idan ba su da hadin kai da wuri, kwab'e lokaci. Corneille, a gaskiya, zambo na'am da iya fahinta cewa wasu uku ne shugabanni na wurin, tashi, lokaci, amma kullum ya nemi amana, musamman ma a k'arshe, saboda dandalin nan ta yi arangama da sha'awa da wasan kwaikwayo na za su, da synthesis da cin nan ana kewayawa abubuwan da ya yi waiwaye ga harbin na zak'ulo, ba su da furore, cike da rai jinya a lokacin. Da Cid da farin ciki a karshen wannan celebrates da kishin da mallam" din kamannu Chimène, aka lasafta tragicomedy, fiye da zuciya mai ban tausayi, da ma rabbanta kayan ado sentimental mayar da shi ne mai arziki. Nasarar da opera d'aga na bayyane, gunagunin daga sashen, wato jikokinku mawallafan kundin sakamakon Scudéry (da Mairet kuma, idan ba hassada da author, Corneille tsamo wani zalunci daga wakili da Cardinal Richelieu. Yau akwai ka bincike rage k'warai da rancor da ministan wajen playwright taki sa'a. Da ake kira "Querelle du Cid" yana da jami'ar documentation a sentiments de kissar yankã'Académie sur le "Cid", zare ta Chapelain (1638 ne dai ma da Richelieu suna so su ajiye a cikin shaida a aiwatar da wani mai sulhu da na adabi da tsararrakinka academy da shi, sa'an nan ya soke) ya kai. Da artist, b'acin rai, aka ragargaza da zargin da plagiarism, amma ya sha'awa, har ba ya so ya yi koyi da ayyukansu na wasu da Kome sihirin, bayan Cid, za su jawo hankalin kawai, tarihi. Alfahari, Corneille deepened da suka tsirfanta Yana kiwon garkensa da critical aikinsa, wanda ya yi imani da jawabai da prefaces kuma daidai Examens da tare da na bayan fage aiki. Mai rasa makama amsa harin da ya bayar da sabon Kome sihirin. Biyu a shekara guda kawai (1640), Horace Horace (1) kuma cinna. Horace, sa'an nan kuma wasan k'auna, wajibi ne, domin sentiments da d'aure duelists (Horatii da Curiatii ga mata da masu fusatarwa iyalansu. Corneille gina wa Richelieu, watakila da semblance na irony, watakila ya nuna cewa, "uku kakanni." (1) ba zai iya hana shi, a kan ayyukansu wadanchan rasa makama. Ko Cinna, ya aika da treatise De clementia na Seneca, ya ci nasara. Amma hakika da opera mafi tsayi bayan Cid kuma lalle ne ga cacar baka, masterpiece a da hankali, Polyeucte (1642), tabbas la'akari da "Canon" da masifar corneliana. Sa'an nan ya samar wa Corneille daga Surius mai tsohon tarihi. Polyeucte ne Christian wasan da k'aunar Allah a kan babban rabo mutum k'auna da nasara da zak'ulo addini da mutates k'auna, ya yiwu in sun nuna alheri. Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da zatinsa masterpiece Corneille bai sa a b'angaren La Mort de Pompée da menteur, wasik'armu kansa da dabi da Suite du Menteur, mai ban dariya author. Abu ne da aka ambata attajira hayayyafa da mawãk'i, wanda a 1644 ya rubuta kuma ya wakilta Rodogune, daga baya, Héraclius (1646). Ya shahara ya zama mai girma. Zab'e shi a Academy (1647), sa'an nan ya rubuta Nicomède (1651). Wani a shekara ta biyu bayan da bantsoro Pertharite kai masa farga da avvilì. Ya koma Rouen, inda ya yi gyare-gyare a dai na Imitation Almasihu, daga fitinar ta idanunta iyali sposatosi (a 1640, da 'ya'ya maza na ciwo kiwon lafiya da ba shi ba kad'an ciwo, premorirono. Ya tsayar da kansa a lokaci d'aya a kula da cikakkiyar karon da aikinsa. Ya koma dandalin a 1659, a kan gayyatar da Superintendent Fouquet, ya sami nasara da Edipe. Zamansu a Paris, Corneille masani ne gane da aka sau sake: d'anyen matasa da suka wuce, tare da shi a zamanin Louis tauhĩdi da suc - cessiva regency na Anne da Austria. To, a yanzu, Louis xiv da sabon classicism zuwa wurin sihirinsu da wasik'u, da kotu da jama'a da nakasu Quinault da Racine. Wani yana kiwon garkensa a duniya sabon, ya kai wa d'aya, kamar yadda babban samun labarinku da ya faru tuntuni, a gagarumar hallaka da sha'awa, dalilin da ya ga Corneille, wanda aka masifar ci iyakar mak'wabcinku dandalin da sha'awa, wajibi ne. Ya ci gaba da rubuta ba, kai, amma vertices na Polyeucte kuma cinna. Da salon kid wanda aka lasafta d'aya daga cikin mawakan mafi girma daga Faransi waye, dukan tilasta ma a sauran ayyuka, la toison told ko (1661), Sertorius (1662), Sophonisbe (1663), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), Attila (1667), Tite tantakwashi Bérénice (1670), Psyché (1671), Pulchérie (1672), Suréna (1674), da abin da ya kammala aikinsa kamar playwright baya har abada daga dandalin, shekaru goma, bayan ya rasu a janar kasala ba. A Corneille, ina jin alfahari da suke nuna, ba wanda zai iya maye gurbi nsa'awar individuality zuwa babban laya, watakila fiye da cewa kada a gaskiya ne wannan hankali, da Faransa ya sha tunani, domin wani adherence ga psychological rai na kowace rana, daga literary natsuwar dasuke sãmu daga junã.